This article dwells upon the food security of the country in the context of structural changes in national and regional agriculture. The physical availability indicators of food for Russia and its Central and Far Eastern Federal Districts were calculated for the period from 2014 to 2018. The authors analyzed structural changes in the production of the main food types across household categories. The authors determined the intensity and orientation of structural changes in food resources. It is established that structural changes in food accessibility assurance in the Far East (as compared with the country as a whole and the Central district) associated with regional production are by and large regressive. The article shows that the physical availability of food products in the Far Eastern region during the sanctions and countersanctions features negative dynamics. To condition positive structural changes in regional agriculture, it is necessary that the government support agricultural businesses of various legal entity types.