The article explores the conditions of food security as one of the development goals of the third millennium, proclaimed by the UN. It analyzes the contradictory nature of these conditions. The study identifies the most significant elements of the food security structure to determine the directions of agribusiness activity and increase the level of food security in Russia. The structure of food security comprises several elements: political, economic, scientific and innovative, demographic, psychological. Each of the components is given a characteristic and the degree of significance of each element is analyzed. The study identifies the most important directions for the development of agribusiness of various forms of ownership and various organizational and legal forms: from farms to agriholdings, taking into account the goals of sustainable development to ensure food security, improve nutrition, and develop agriculture.