The article substantiates the ongoing processes in modern society and their impact on the growth of threats to food security of the countries of the world. The disturbance of the biological diversity of the planet indirectly affects the state of biocenoses and their resistance to destruction and degradation. The anthropogenic influence of mankind and its geometric growth in numbers do not allow the biosphere to restore equilibrium after the intervention and consumption of its resources. The work assesses the role of humans in reducing biodiversity. The conclusion is made about the importance of biodiversity conservation for maintaining the life support of the growing human population and the role of biodiversity in providing the necessary level and availability of food for balanced and sustainable economic development.