Molecular and cellular mechanisms of central nervous system alteration in COVID-19

Алексеева Н. Т.; Соколов Д. А.; Никитюк Д. Б.; Клочкова С. В.; Кварацхелия А. Г.

Статья

Молекулярные и клеточные механизмы повреждения центральной нервной системы при COVID-19

Алексеева Н. Т., Соколов Д. А., Никитюк Д. Б., Клочкова С. В., Кварацхелия А. Г.,

2020

https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-3-72-85

Продолжающаяся пандемия коронавирусной болезни – 2019 (COVID-19) диктует необходимость изучения молекулярных и клеточных механизмов взаимодействия возбудителя и организма человека. Проявление неврологических симптомов у некоторых пациентов с COVID-19 представляет проблему для нейробиологов в виду недостаточно изученного патоморфогенеза заболевания. В настоящем обзоре систематизированы литературные данные, отражающие пути проникновения SARS-CoV-2 в головной мозг, особенности его взаимодействия с нейронами, нейроглией и иммунными клетками. Показано, что основными механизмами нейроинвазии SARS-CoV-2 предположительно являются ретроградный аксональный транспорт по волокнам обонятельного и блуждающего нервов; проникновение через поврежденный гематоэнцефалический барьер (ГЭБ) или миграция иммунокомпетентных клеток, содержащих вирусные частицы, через неповрежденный ГЭБ. Установлено, что вирус-индуцибельная гибель нейронов обусловлена не только прямым цитотоксическим эффектом, но также обусловлена дисрегуляцией ренинангиотензиновой системы мозга и высвобождением большого количества воспалительных цитокинов как проявлением «цитокинового шторма». Продемонстрировано участие клеток нейроглии в инициации и поддержании нейровоспалительных и нейродегенеративных процессов вследствие активации их провоспалительного фенотипа. Обсуждается роль тучных клеток вмеханизмах противовирусной защиты и воспалительных реакциях.

Цитирование

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Алексеева Н. Т.
ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России
Соколов Д. А.
Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко
Никитюк Д. Б.
ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)
Клочкова С. В.
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»; ГАУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины ДЗМ»
Кварацхелия А. Г.
ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России

Предметная рубрика

COVID-19

Название журнала

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology

Страницы

72-85

Тип документа

journal article

Тип лицензии Creative Commons

CC BY

Правовой статус документа

Свободная лицензия

Источник

elpub

Поиск по репозиторию

Статья

Молекулярные и клеточные механизмы повреждения центральной нервной системы при COVID-19

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