The article considers the conditions for preparing a teacher-psychologist for professional adaptation in the environment of inclusive education in the post-Soviet space. The authors consider the work on inclusive education and psychological and pedagogical support for problem categories of the population based on concepts in the field of education. The article is an analytical review. We analyse scientific and pedagogical research on the problems of domestic and foreign inclusive education, the process of personal development and career guidance in the countries of Eurasia, primarily Russia and Kazakhstan. Professional training of future specialists consists in the formation at a high level of professionally important qualities of their morality, communication skills, will, intelligence, etc. We consider the state of inclusive education in higher educational institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan, we focus on the issue of preparing a teacher-psychologist for professional adaptation in an inclusive education environment. The authors present in the article the results of research conducted by students on the issues of professional adaptation at the University.