The article provides a literature review of our own clinical studies, which summarizes data on the diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms of damage to various organs and systems in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The predominance of one or another injury creates various clinical types, each of which requires specific approaches to therapy. The effectiveness of treatment regimens with direct-acting antiviral drugs is currently absolutely proven, however, the patient’s recovery time, the prevalence of complications and adverse outcomes depend not only on causal therapy, but also on the correct selection of pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.