Administration of the disease modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis is associated with alterations in immune system reactivity. Interferon s IFN-β-1a and IFN-β-1b are included in the fi rst-line treatment for multiple sclerosis cure. However, as protein substances, they are potentially immunogenic, hence neutralizing antibodies (Nab) can appear after 3-6 months in the serum of a multiple sclerosis patient, reducing IFN-molecules activity. Detection of the NAb to the administrated IFN-medication enables to change the patient management strategy. The level of infl ammatory and apoptotic caspases in serum and cerebrospinal fl uid may also be considered as a prognostic biomarker for the IFN-therapy effi ciency. In addition, the level of microRNA, neurofi laments in serum and secreted glycoproteins (chitinases) in cerebrospinal fl uid have certain prognostic value. Increasing of medical substances action specifi city, searching for new pathogenesis links as targets for the therapeutic action and identifi cation of the eff ective prognostic biomarkers are the main strategies of multiple sclerosis treatment nowadays.