This article investigates issues of assessing effectiveness of the monetary policy in terms of the impact on the country’s economic growth and the welfare of the population. The authors carried out comparative analysis of the relationship between money supply in the country and level of well-being of the population on the example of Russia, the USA and Germany. Special attention is paid to the search for criteria of assessing effectiveness of measures in the field of monetary policy and state programs aimed at economic growth and growth in the level of real disposable income of the population.