In Russia, about 17% of the reproductive-aged population is currently infertile, which has led to critically declined birth rates and negative natural population growth ones. This review considers the sociomedical impact of various infectious diseases on the fertility of women and men of reproductive age, with an emphasis on the demographic situation in Russia. A number of urogenital tract infections predominate in the structure of morbidity in the combined form, causing infertility and miscarriage. They are actually a variant of complex comorbidity. The leading place belongs to chlamydia, cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis, etc. These infections are characterized by a tendency to a subclinical course, difficulty in diagnosis, and pathogen tropism to certain organs of the reproductive system. If they are concurrent with other infections, the incidence of which increases annually, they run a more aggressive course, there are significant difficulties in their treatment. Conclusion. Unfortunately, the available statistical data do not allow us to fully establish the true prevalence of infections affecting the reproductive health of women and men, which is primarily due to the lack of accounting and registration of cases of infections and especially their combined forms.