The modern stage of development of our society is characterized by close attention to the problems of demography. The relevance of information on the population and the thoroughness of its analysis has increased to develop an effective demographic policy. Analysis of the demographic situation in the constituent entities of Russia is necessary for making decisions in the economic and social spheres, for planning and forecasting the development of our society. These indicators are directly related to the growth rate of labour resources. Comparison of the birth rate among the urban and rural population of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation showed the following results. In 1991-2002, the birth rate of the rural population exceeded the birth rate of the urban population by an average of 1.8 per 1000 people. However, since 2003 the situation has changed to the opposite, with an increasing trend for both urban and rural populations. At the same time, over the past 5 years, the birth rate of the urban and rural population has begun to decline, amounting to 13.5 and 8.8 per 1000 people in 2017, respectively (P < 0.05). Having analyzed the relevant data in a timely manner, it is possible to influence the situation in the required direction using social, economic and political tools to influence the demographic situation in the subject of the Russian Federation.