The review is devoted to extracorporeal blood purification techniques in pediatric intensive care. In the first part, we analyzed literature data on the treatment of sepsis in children. Epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of sepsis are considered. A special attention is paid to pathophysiological justification of hemosorption techniques in the treatment of sepsis and their effectiveness in children. The second part of the review is devoted to acute renal injury in children. The advantages, disadvantages, and complications of various methods of renal replacement therapy in pediatric practice are considered. We also discuss the choice of optimal method of renal replacement therapy. Moreover, we report the data on the work of the Center for Gravitational Surgery of Blood and Hemodialysis of the St. Vladimir Children’s City Clinical Hospital in 2012-2019.