This paper addresses the main issues related to the incidence of Acute Respiratory Viral Infections (ARVI), including influenza and COVID-19, in pregnant women, the impact of these infections on the pregnancy course, fetal and newborn health. Risk factors for ARVI complications have been determined, taking into account the pregnancy term, the woman’s age and concomitant somatic diseases. A special attention was given to the specific (vaccination) and nonspecific ARVI prevention (the use of recombinant interferon alpha-2b, the medicine Grippferon) during the pregnancy preparation stage not only for the expectant mother, but also for all her family members. The results of the effective use of the interferon-based medicine Grippferon for the prevention and treatment of ARVI during pregnancy are provided. This medicine helps to reduce the frequency of ARVI-related pregnancy complications and perinatal pathology.