According to official data, up to 40 million cases of infectious diseases are registered in Russia annually, half of them in children. Vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence of various infectious diseases, such as diphtheria, measles, tetanus, poliomyelitis, etc. However, development of new safe and effective vaccine preparations is still relevant. One of the approaches to their development is vaccines based on various viral vectors, including recombinant human adenoviruses. Such vaccines have shown their safety and effectiveness in preclinical and clinical trials, including trials in the Russian Federation.