Статья

Entangling COVID-19 associated thrombosis into a secondary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives (Review)

E. Cavalli, A. Bramanti, R. Ciurleo, A. Tchorbanov, A. Giordano, P. Fagone, C. Belizna, P. Bramanti, Y. Shoenfeld, F. Nicoletti,
2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel β coronavirus that is the etiological agent of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that at the time of writing (June 16, 2020) has infected almost 6 million people with some 450,000 deaths. These numbers are still rising daily. Most (some 80%) cases of COVID-19 infection are asymptomatic, a substantial number of cases (15%) require hospitalization and an additional fraction of patients (5%) need recovery in intensive care units. Mortality for COVID-19 infection appears to occur globally between 0.1 and 0.5% of infected patients although the frequency of lethality is significantly augmented in the elderly and in patients with other comorbidities. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and episodes of thromboembolism that may lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represent the primary causes of lethality during COVID-19 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that thrombotic diathesis is due to multiple derangements of the coagulation system including marked elevation of D. dimer that correlate negatively with survival. We propose here that the thromboembolic events and eventually the development of DIC provoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a secondary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We will apply both Baconian inductivism and Cartesian deductivism to prove that secondary APS is likely responsible for coagulopathy during the course of COVID-19 infection. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this are also discussed. © 2020 Spandidos Publications. All rights reserved.

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Версии

  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

Метаданные

Об авторах
  • E. Cavalli
    Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, Catania, I-95123, Italy
  • A. Bramanti
    IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, I-98124, Italy
  • R. Ciurleo
    Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
  • A. Tchorbanov
    National Institute of Immunology, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
  • A. Giordano
    Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
  • P. Fagone
    Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, I-53100, Italy
  • C. Belizna
    Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, Angers, 49000, France
  • P. Bramanti
    MITOVASC Institute, CARFI Facility, University of Angers, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers, 49045, France
  • Y. Shoenfeld
    Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Gan, 5265601, Israel
  • F. Nicoletti
    I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Название журнала
  • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Том
  • 46
Выпуск
  • 3
Страницы
  • 903-912
Ключевые слова
  • antivitamin K; aur 1001; beta2 glycoprotein 1 antibody; chloroquine; colecalciferol; corticosteroid; D dimer; eculizumab; heparin; immunoglobulin; low molecular weight heparin; monoclonal antibody; phospholipid antibody; rapamycin; rituximab; tocilizumab; unclassified drug; antivirus agent; fibrin degradation product; fibrin fragment D; phospholipid; adult respiratory distress syndrome; African American; antibody production; antibody titer; antiphospholipid syndrome; asymptomatic infection; blood clotting; blood clotting disorder; Caucasian; Chinese; comorbidity; convalescence; coronavirus disease 2019; correlation analysis; cytokine storm; disease course; disseminated intravascular clotting; ethnic difference; hospitalization; human; intensive care unit; lethality; mortality; pandemic; plasmapheresis; priority journal; Review; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; survival rate; thromboembolism; antiphospholipid syndrome; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus infection; disseminated intravascular clotting; immunology; metabolism; pathology; physiology; thromboembolism; thrombosis; virus pneumonia; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Blood Coagulation; Coronavirus Infections; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Humans; Pandemics; Phospholipids; Pneumonia, Viral; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis
Издатель
  • Spandidos Publications
Тип документа
  • Review
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
  • CC
Правовой статус документа
  • Свободная лицензия
Источник
  • scopus