The article reviews studies that confirm the relationship of a negative prognosis with the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular complications during respiratory infections, including novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. The article presents the relevant research results that provide evidence on the myocardial damage in coronavirus infection. We present a clinical case of a patient with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and severe viral myocarditis, verified by histological and immunohistochemical studies. © 2020 All-Russian Public Organization Antihypertensive League. All rights reserved.