///A structural perspective of compensatory evolution... Here, we review studies on the interface of structural biology and molecular evolution that revealed novel aspects of compensatory evolution....

///Studying language evolution in the age of big data...

///Allele-specific nonstationarity in evolution of influenza A virus surface proteins... Our findings reveal a previously unde-scribed facet of adaptive evolution and suggest approaches for prediction of evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved....

///Township and village enterprises in China: Reform success or evolution of a traditional institution?... We argue that TVEs were an evolution form of “baojia”, the traditional Chinese institution of frankpledge and rural defense....

Timeline of evolution of life on the Earth.... ///The origin of mitochondria and their role in the evolution of life and human health... ///In studies of many medical and biological problems, there is a clear underestimation of the fundamental role of mitochondria in the evolution of eukaryotic organisms on the planet, including fungi, plants and fauna....

///Within-host phenotypic evolution and the population-level control of chronic viral infections by treatment and prophylaxis... Our frameworks allows both neutral and phenotypic evolution, and we consider the specific evolution of contagiousness, resistance to therapy, and efficacy of prophylaxis....

The new impact of biocataclysms on the evolution of sociocultural models and civilization projects...

///Experimental evolution of human influenza virus H3 hemagglutinin in the mouse lung identifies adaptive regions in HA1 and HA2... Because the hemagglutinin (HA) protein is a determinant of these properties, HA evolution was mapped in an experimental model of mouse lung adaptation....

///From “Greater Europe” to “Greater Eurasia”: Status concerns and the evolution of Russia’s approach to alignment and regional integration... Status concerns are key to understanding this evolution in policy and vision as a declining Russia struggles to avoid losing great power status....

///Information-analytical semantic model of an expert system for studying the co-evolution of the sociotechnical landscape in digital reality... Prediction and management of the co-evolution of society in digital reality is determined by the need to ensure sustainable development of society and adequate satisfaction of practices with information technology....