Relevance. Viral infections with aerosol transmission are one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. Their relevance is due to the wide distribution and socio-medical consequences. Objective. To study the dynamics of the incidence of viral infections with aerosol transmission in Sumy Oblast, to determine the level of influence of social and natural factors on the intensity of the epidemic process. Materials and methods. Data from the sectoral statistical reporting of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Sumy Regional Laboratory Center, the Main Department of Statistics in Sumy Oblast, Sumy Regional Center of Hydrometeorology were used. Epidemiological and statistical research methods were used. Conclusions. It was established that in Sumy Oblast the epidemic process of aerosol viral infections was characterized by a pronounced tendency to reduced incidence of influenza (Rinc.aver.= -6.2 %) and rubella (Rinc.aver.= -22.7 %), moderate reduction tendency ‒ to mumps (Rinc.aver = -2.4 %); high intensity with no reduction in incidence ‒ for other acute respiratory diseases (Rinc.aver = 0.2 %); a sharp increase in the incidence of measles (Rinc.aver.= 23.1 %). Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 was found in 3% of the population. The average long-term rates of measles, rubella, and mumps vaccinations with MPR-1 and MPR-2 vaccines were 70.9 % and 61.2 %, respectively. An inverse correlation was established between air humidity, population, coefficients of natural and migratory movement and measles incidence (p