The presence of existing potential sources of threat and the emergence of new problem areas inevitably retains the priority of the environmental factor as one of the key foundations for the formation of an approach to regional development. Today, the growing anthropogenic load on the environment makes it inevitable to renew the agenda of international cooperation and harmonize international environmental relations. The authors pay attention to certain aspects of environmental cooperation on the example of the Baltic region, where both the most effective practice of interaction between the countries of the region has been formed, and there are issues of environmental uncertainty. The problem areas have been identified that require not only expanding the boundaries of the application of a responsible environmental policy, but, taking into account dynamic processes and their expected consequences, to find the most acceptable solutions that meet the needs of the region’s countries in ensuring environmental safety.