The aim of the study is to analyze methodological approaches to assessing the budget component of financial and budgetary security and to develop a methodology for assessing the budgetary security of a region on their basis. In the process of research, statistical and mathematical methods were used, a comparison method, an indicative method, analysis and synthesis methods. A brief description of the main approaches and methods for assessing the regional budget security is given, and the most significant indicators are selected that allow diagnosing threats to the budget component of the regional financial and budget security. The article presents the author’s methodology for assessing the budget component of the financial and budgetary security of the region, a set of indicators and threshold values for its implementation is formed. The proposed methodology has been tested on the example of the analysis of budget security indicators of the Komi Republic.