The article reveals the principles of functioning of food products market in Russia in conditions of uncertainty. The current reality has arisen not only because of the decisions of foreign countries in the field of international trade, but also because of the emergence of threats to the lives of the population through the spread of a particularly dangerous infection throughout the world. Governments of many countries had to accept the new conditions of uncertainty as an objective necessity to reconstruct the economic system, identify weaknesses in the economy and build medium-term plans for the development of trade relations between the countries. The author cites the market of agro-industrial complex as the object of analysis of this research. In the course of the work, the place of Russia in the structure of export and import of food products was considered, the foreign trade balance for the last three years was calculated, and the barriers to entry into the market of food products in the near future were assessed. In conclusion, it is highlighted that the state, by building a sustainable institutional environment under conditions of limited rationality, influences the decisions of the country’s food market participants in order to ensure the competitiveness of the sector of the economy.