The study is aimed at identifying predictors of labor productivity growth in Russian regions. To compile a primary set of predictors and establish the relationship between them, a contextual review of publications on the topic under study was carried out. The factors, that directly and indirectly affect the increase in labor productivity in the regions of Russia, include institutional conditions; investments in fixed assets; orientation of companies to the development of new markets and participation in export activities; research and development costs; technological and organizational innovation; investment in human capital. The theoretical foundations for the formation of effective incentives in the regions for changing the strategic behavior of companies that meet global technological and socio-economic challenges are formulated. The results of predictive analysis are the basis for building a model of system dynamics of relevant factors of growth in labor productivity in the regions.