In conditions of economic development and the formation of new economic ties, the uninterrupted operation of transport and its condition significantly affect the level of economic security of the state. The abstract service “transport” is considered by the authors as a complexly structured economic category consisting of three levels. At the first level, a transport service is defined as a form of good; at the second level – as a form of activity; at the third level, in accordance with the social nature of the reproduction of services, a transport service is an economic relation. The article formulates the tasks of ensuring economic security in the provision of transport services and its main components. It is proved that reliable economic security at all territorial levels is possible provided that business entities are stable in the provision of transport services, as their potential is a determining stabilizing factor in anti-crisis development, a guarantee of economic growth and maintaining the country’s economic independence and security. In organizing and managing the transport component of economic security, it is necessary to coordinate the principles of protecting the transport component of security with the interests of the state to ensure economic security in all sectors of the economy, to determine threshold values for indicators and threats to transport security in order to solve the problems of eliminating these threats.