Статья

The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges: A review of the importance, opportunities and challenges for protecting a global diversity hotspot on the high seas

D. Wagner, L. van der Meer, M. Gorny, J. Sellanes, C. Gaymer, E. Soto, E. Easton, A. Friedlander, D. Lindsay, T. Molodtsova, B. Boteler, C. Durussel, K. Gjerde, D. Currie, M. Gianni, C. Brooks, M. Shiple, T. Wilhelm, M. Quesada, T. Thomas, P. Dunstan, N. Clark, L. Villanueva, R. Pyle, M. Clark, S. Georgian, L. Morgan,
2021

The Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are two seamount chains of volcanic origin, which include over 110 seamounts that collectively stretch across over 2,900 km in the southeastern Pacific. Ecosystems in this region are isolated by the Atacama Trench, the Humboldt Current System, and an extreme oxygen minimum zone. This isolation has produced a unique biodiversity that is marked by one of the highest levels of marine endemism on Earth. These areas also provide important habitats and ecological stepping stones for whales, sea turtles, corals, and a multitude of other ecologically important species, including 82 species that are threatened or endangered. Recent explorations in this region have documented one of the deepest light-dependent marine ecosystems on Earth, as well as numerous species that are new to science. Waters surrounding the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges are mostly located in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), with smaller portions located in the national waters of Chile and Peru. Within this region, Chile has already protected all the ridge features that fall within its jurisdiction, and Peru is evaluating a proposal that would protect the seafloor that falls within its national waters. However, all of the ABNJ in the region, which cover over 73% of the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, are unprotected and under threat from a variety of stressors, including climate change, plastic pollution, overfishing, and potential deep-sea mining in the future. Importantly, fishing and other commercial activities are at low levels in international waters of this region, so there is a time-sensitive opportunity to protect its unique natural and cultural resources before they are degraded. This study provides a synthesis of the relevant science that has been conducted on the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges, and discusses the opportunities and challenges for protecting this unique region via existing sectoral organizations and through the emerging international agreement on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Given its exceptional natural and cultural significance, the Salas y Gómez and Nazca ridges should be comprehensively protected from exploitation, pollution and other anthropogenic threats using the best available conservation measures.

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Версии

  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-04-01

Метаданные

Об авторах
  • D. Wagner
    Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
  • L. van der Meer
    Oceana Chile, Santiago, Chile
  • M. Gorny
    Oceana Chile, Santiago, Chile
  • J. Sellanes
    ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
  • C. Gaymer
    ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Chile
  • E. Soto
    Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
  • E. Easton
    ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
  • A. Friedlander
    ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, National Geographic Society, Pristine Seas, Washington, DC, USA, Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i, Kāneʻohe, HI, USA
  • D. Lindsay
    Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
  • T. Molodtsova
    P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia
  • B. Boteler
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
  • C. Durussel
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
  • K. Gjerde
    International Union for the Conservation for Nature, Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • D. Currie
    Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • M. Gianni
    Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • C. Brooks
    University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Studies Program, Boulder, CO, USA
  • M. Shiple
    University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Studies Program, Boulder, CO, USA
  • T. Wilhelm
    Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
  • M. Quesada
    Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
  • T. Thomas
    Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
  • P. Dunstan
    CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
  • N. Clark
    Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia
  • L. Villanueva
    Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA, Oceana Chile, Santiago, Chile, ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Chile, Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile, School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA, National Geographic Society, Pristine Seas, Washington, DC, USA, Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i, Kāneʻohe, HI, USA, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany, International Union for the Conservation for Nature, Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, Cambridge, MA, USA, Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, Amsterdam, Netherlands, University of Colorado Boulder, Environmental Studies Program, Boulder, CO, USA, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand, Marine Conservation Institute, Glen Ellen, CA, USA
  • R. Pyle
    Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, USA
  • M. Clark
    National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
  • S. Georgian
    Marine Conservation Institute, Glen Ellen, CA, USA
  • L. Morgan
    Marine Conservation Institute, Glen Ellen, CA, USA
Название журнала
  • Marine Policy
Том
  • 126
Страницы
  • 104377
Издатель
  • Elsevier
Тип документа
  • journal article
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
  • CC BY
Правовой статус документа
  • Свободная лицензия
Источник
  • dimensions