The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants.

A. Inchingolo; G. Dipalma; A. Inchingolo; G. Malcangi; L. Santacroce; M. D'Oria; C. Isacco; I. Bordea; S. Candrea; A. Scarano; B. Morandi; M. Del Fabbro; M. Farronato; G. Tartaglia; M. Balzanelli; A. Ballini; L. Nucci; F. Lorusso; S. Taschieri; F. Inchingolo

Статья

The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants.

A. Inchingolo, G. Dipalma, A. Inchingolo, G. Malcangi, L. Santacroce, M. D'Oria, C. Isacco, I. Bordea, S. Candrea, A. Scarano, B. Morandi, M. Del Fabbro, M. Farronato, G. Tartaglia, M. Balzanelli, A. Ballini, L. Nucci, F. Lorusso, S. Taschieri, F. Inchingolo,

2021

https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060881

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. METHODS: A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2" (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. RESULTS: The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.

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1. Version of Record от 2021-05-31

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Об авторах

A. Inchingolo
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
G. Dipalma
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
A. Inchingolo
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
G. Malcangi
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
L. Santacroce
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
M. D'Oria
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy., Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
C. Isacco
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy., Research at Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam., Embryology and Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An, Hoi An 70000, Vietnam.
I. Bordea
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
S. Candrea
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Department of Pedodontics, County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
A. Scarano
Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
B. Morandi
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy., Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy.
M. Del Fabbro
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy., Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy.
M. Farronato
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy., UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
G. Tartaglia
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy., UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
M. Balzanelli
SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency-San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy.
A. Ballini
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy., Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy.
L. Nucci
Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80100 Naples, Italy.
F. Lorusso
Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
S. Taschieri
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy., Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy., Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia.
F. Inchingolo
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.

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The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants.

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