The urgent worldwide shift of school education to online format resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic raised a number of problems of a technical, organizational, methodological, and psychological nature. These problems are surveyed by both the international community and national researchers. Equally important is the assessment of the consequences of education in a remote format for the quality of education and equal access to education. The article considers how the transition to remote education will affect the equity of access to quality education, differentiation of students’ educational results on a territorial and socio-economic basis. Analysis and evaluation were carried out using data collected before the mass transition to online learning: the results of the international survey of the quality of education PISA, surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and regular educational statistics. Differentiation of learning conditions, interregional variation, and differences in the ability of households to use ICT to participate in online learning are examined. Preliminary assessments of the impact of the transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on strengthening differentiation of access to quality education and learning outcomes are made.