The article deals with the issues of environmental security within the concept of sustainable development. The authors analyzed various approaches to the definition of sustainable development and developed their own position on this term. Environmental security is closely related to sustainable development. The article analyzes the ecological situation in Moscow and draws conclusions based on statistical material. Also, the main factors influencing the ecological situation of the territory were identified and studied on the example of Moscow. The study, involved a correlation-regression analysis to determine the influence of the degree of environmental pollution on demographic aspects, during which a moderate relationship was established between the mortality rate of the population, life expectancy, and factor signs associated with the environmental influence. The research results proved the need to ensure its environmental security to achieve the goals of sustainable development of any territory. And the creation of conditions for a comfortable life of the current generations, the satisfaction of their ever-increasing needs without prejudice to future generations is possible only with a competent prioritization in the state policy of any country, first of all, solving environmental problems.