In the healthcare industry, and in general, in the sector of citizens’ health care of the Russian Federation, a number of problems have accumulated that require an immediate solution. Many of them cannot be solved without serious organizational, legal and other changes, significant modernization or change of the current budgetary and insurance model of the industry under consideration. The request to change the current model escalated due to the events of the first half of the 2020, namely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the managerial, financial and other solutions that followed its development in health care and other spheres of the society. In connection with the discussion in the expert and political circles of the state model of national health care, the author discusses the question concerning possible principles (fundamentals) of the legal regulation of the health care. The author proposes the following principles: the principle of legality; the principle of sectoral planning; the principle of information openness (transparency); the principle of equality of citizens’ rights to medical care in state health-care organizations; the principle of ensuring free medical care in state health organizations; the principle of inadmissibility of charging citizens for medical care provided in State health organizations; the principle of referring public health as a factor to ensuring national security and other types of national security; the principle of ensuring access of citizens to medical care, medicines, medical devices, other means of medical use, medical technologies; the principle of continuity and phasing in the provision of medical care, and a number of other principles.