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Статья
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
D. Klionsky,
A. Abdel-Aziz,
S. Abdelfatah,
M. Abdellatif,
A. Abdoli,
S. Abel,
H. Abeliovich,
M. Abildgaard,
Y. Abudu,
A. Acevedo-Arozena,
I. Adamopoulos,
K. Adeli,
T. Adolph,
A. Adornetto,
E. Aflaki,
G. Agam,
A. Agarwal,
B. Aggarwal,
M. Agnello,
P. Agostinis,
J. Agrewala,
A. Agrotis,
P. Aguilar,
S. Ahmad,
Z. Ahmed,
U. Ahumada-Castro,
S. Aits,
S. Aizawa,
Y. Akkoc,
T. Akoumianaki,
H. Akpinar,
A. Al-Abd,
L. Al-Akra,
A. Al-Gharaibeh,
M. Alaoui-Jamali,
S. Alberti,
E. Alcocer-Gómez,
C. Alessandri,
M. Ali,
M. Alim Al-Bari,
S. Aliwaini,
J. Alizadeh,
E. Almacellas,
A. Almasan,
A. Alonso,
G. Alonso,
N. Altan-Bonnet,
D. Altieri,
É. Álvarez,
S. Alves,
C. Alves da Costa,
M. Alzaharna,
M. Amadio,
C. Amantini,
C. Amaral,
S. Ambrosio,
A. Amer,
V. Ammanathan,
Z. An,
S. Andersen,
S. Andrabi,
M. Andrade-Silva,
A. Andres,
S. Angelini,
D. Ann,
U. Anozie,
M. Ansari,
P. Antas,
A. Antebi,
Z. Antón,
T. Anwar,
L. Apetoh,
N. Apostolova,
T. Araki,
Y. Araki,
K. Arasaki,
W. Araújo,
J. Araya,
C. Arden,
M. Arévalo,
S. Arguelles,
E. Arias,
J. Arikkath,
H. Arimoto,
A. Ariosa,
D. Armstrong-James,
L. Arnauné-Pelloquin,
A. Aroca,
D. Arroyo,
I. Arsov,
R. Artero,
D. Asaro,
M. Aschner,
M. Ashrafizadeh,
O. Ashur-Fabian,
A. Atanasov,
A. Au,
P. Auberger,
H. Auner,
L. Aurelian,
2021
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
Цитирование
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Версии
- 1. Version of Record от 2021-01-01
Метаданные
Об авторах
-
D. Klionsky
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor -
A. Abdel-Aziz
Ain Shams University, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia -
S. Abdelfatah
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz -
M. Abdellatif
Medizinische Universität Graz -
A. Abdoli
Pasteur Institute of Iran -
S. Abel
Leibniz Institut fur Pflanzenbiochemie -
H. Abeliovich
Hebrew University of Jerusalem -
M. Abildgaard
Kræftens Bekæmpelse, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre -
Y. Abudu
UiT The Arctic University of Norway -
A. Acevedo-Arozena
Hospital Universitario de Canarias -
I. Adamopoulos
University of California, Davis -
K. Adeli
University of Toronto -
T. Adolph
Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck -
A. Adornetto
Università della Calabria -
E. Aflaki
National Eye Institute (NEI) -
G. Agam
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev -
A. Agarwal
The University of Alabama at Birmingham -
B. Aggarwal
Inflammation Research Center -
M. Agnello
Università degli Studi di Palermo -
P. Agostinis
Departement Cellulaire en Moleculaire Geneeskunde -
J. Agrewala
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar -
A. Agrotis
University of Dundee -
P. Aguilar
UT Medical Branch at Galveston -
S. Ahmad
Colby College -
Z. Ahmed
University of Maryland School of Medicine -
U. Ahumada-Castro
Universidad Mayor -
S. Aits
Institutionen för Experimentell Medicinsk Vetenskap -
S. Aizawa
Nihon University -
Y. Akkoc
Koç Üniversitesi -
T. Akoumianaki
University of Crete Medical School, University of Crete Medical School -
H. Akpinar
The Institute of Cancer Research, London -
A. Al-Abd
Gulf Medical University -
L. Al-Akra
The University of Sydney - A. Al-Gharaibeh
-
M. Alaoui-Jamali
Centre du Cancer Segal -
S. Alberti
Technische Universität Dresden -
E. Alcocer-Gómez
University of Seville -
C. Alessandri
Sapienza Università di Roma -
M. Ali
Wilmer Eye Institute -
M. Alim Al-Bari
Rajshahi University -
S. Aliwaini
Islamic University of Gaza -
J. Alizadeh
Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba -
E. Almacellas
Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, The Francis Crick Institute -
A. Almasan
Cleveland Clinic Foundation -
A. Alonso
Universidad del Pais Vasco -
G. Alonso
Universidad de Buenos Aires -
N. Altan-Bonnet
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) -
D. Altieri
The Wistar Institute -
É. Álvarez
Universidad de Buenos Aires -
S. Alves
i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal -
C. Alves da Costa
Université Côte d'Azur -
M. Alzaharna
Islamic University of Gaza -
M. Amadio
Università degli Studi di Pavia -
C. Amantini
Università degli Studi di Camerino -
C. Amaral
Universidade do Porto -
S. Ambrosio
TIGEM Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine -
A. Amer
The Ohio State University - V. Ammanathan
-
Z. An
University of California, San Francisco -
S. Andersen
Aarhus Universitet -
S. Andrabi
The University of Alabama at Birmingham -
M. Andrade-Silva
Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Universidade Nove de Julho -
A. Andres
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center -
S. Angelini
Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna -
D. Ann
City of Hope National Med Center -
U. Anozie
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville -
M. Ansari
Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) -
P. Antas
Universidade Nova de Lisboa -
A. Antebi
University of Cologne -
Z. Antón
University of Bristol -
T. Anwar
Helsingin Yliopisto -
L. Apetoh
Inserm -
N. Apostolova
University of Valencia -
T. Araki
National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira -
Y. Araki
Osaka University -
K. Arasaki
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences -
W. Araújo
Universidade Federal de Vicosa -
J. Araya
The Jikei University School of Medicine -
C. Arden
Newcastle University -
M. Arévalo
CSIC - Instituto Cajal (IC) -
S. Arguelles
University of Seville -
E. Arias
Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University -
J. Arikkath
Howard University College of Medicine -
H. Arimoto
Tohoku University -
A. Ariosa
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor -
D. Armstrong-James
Medical Research Council -
L. Arnauné-Pelloquin
Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III -
A. Aroca
Iowa State University -
D. Arroyo
Universidad Nacional de Cordoba -
I. Arsov
City University of New York -
R. Artero
Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED) -
D. Asaro
Università degli Studi di Palermo -
M. Aschner
Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University -
M. Ashrafizadeh
Sabancı Üniversitesi -
O. Ashur-Fabian
Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine -
A. Atanasov
Polish Academy of Sciences -
A. Au
Safar Center for Resuscitation Research -
P. Auberger
Université Côte d'Azur -
H. Auner
Imperial College London -
L. Aurelian
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Название журнала
- Autophagy
Номер гранта
- undefined
Тип документа
- journal article
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
- CC BY
Правовой статус документа
- Свободная лицензия
Источник
- scopus
