One of the problems that specialists and companies face when implementing the Belt and Road Initiative in the Russian Federation is the lack of language skills in communication with Russian specialists. This primarily applies to student youth, who will have to take the most active part in the implementation of the plans, which weak professional and language training can slow down. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of the Russian language in the professional training of specialists for the implementation of the Belt and Road initiative. The leading research method was the analysis method, which helped establish the main stages in the development of the teaching the Russian language in China; the current state of teaching the Chinese Russian language is determined; the Belt and Road Initiative is considered as a socio-political and historical-philosophical problem of the modern world. Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative as a socio-political and historical-philosophical problem has demonstrated not only great opportunities in the implementation of the project, but also the problems and contradictions that must to be resolved to obtain mutual benefits for all participating countries.