The article presents a state-of-the-art literature review and personal view on spectrum and pathogenesis of the nervous system lesions in the case of coronavirus infection COVID-19 known to date - from theory, medical and social significance to the main clinical options for lesions of the nervous system in the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Basic information is also presented on factors modifying the course and outcome of infectious lesions in the nervous system, mechanisms of their development and possible outcomes scenarios in case of novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Today’s level of knowledge for nervous system damages due to COVID-19 are considered to be life-threatening, and their consequences can have a huge negative impact on the quality of life, especially in those with pre-morbidities.