Traditionally, vitamin D is primarily associated with calcium and phosphorus metabolism and its impact on bone mineral density. This “classical” role of vitamin D has been well investigated; however, the ideas of vitamin D have begun to expand in the 21 century. Vitamin D is also called hormone D; and this hormone is important for producing a wide range of physiological processes in the body. When there is an age-related decrease in sex ste-roids in a woman, a number of pathological conditions and diseases in postmenopausal women can be caused by deficiency of another significant hormone – hormone D. An update shows that low blood vitamin D levels can be implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus and in the formation of a set of vasomotor complaints during menopause, Alzheimer’s disease, psychological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, decreased physical activity, and other “non-classical” effects. Numerous studies support the enormous impact of vitamin D on women’s health throughout life. Conclusion. The study of the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the development and course of somatic diseases, affective states and cognitive behavioral manifestations during menopause and the efficacy colecalciferol for their prevention and treatment are of great theoretical and practical value. st