Mechanical ventilation is an important aspect of treating patients at the intensive care units. This is especially true for premature infants. The main objective of mechanical ventilation is respiratory support in accordance with oxygen consumption and meta-bolic requirements. In this regard, the problem of adequate mode and parameters of mechanical ventilation remains extremely relevant in pediatric anesthesiology. This review is devoted to neuro-regulated ventilation in premature infants. The authors described the methodology of ventilation and physiology of breathing, the results of neuro-regulated ventilation in newborns. In particular, tidal volume control, prevention of asynchrony, the use of minimum inspiratory pressure in comparison with other modes of mechanical ventilation are considered.