The emergence of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has put before doctors the task to find not only new antiviral drugs, but also other approaches to the treatment and prevention of this disease. In April 2020, assumptions were formulated about the prospects for using a helium-oxygen mixture (heliox) in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. That was reflected in 6th version of the Federal Interim Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. This article analyzes scientific publications on the assessment of the use of Heliox in respiratory pathology and in healthy persons in order to assess the possible uses of the mixture during an epidemic of acute respiratory viral infection, including COVID-19.