Industrialization and urbanization may be associated with increase in income, resulting in increased consumption of ready-prepared Western foods, meat and eggs and cola drinks and decreased intake of traditional foods; whole grains, and vegetables. There is also associated greater use of automobiles causing sedentary behaviours, due to decreased occupational physical activity. These diet and lifestyle factors predispose obesity and central obesity which is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mortality. © Tokunaga et al.