Статья

Emergency services of viral RNAs: Repair and remodeling

V. Agol, A. Gmyl,
2021

Reproduction of RNA viruses is typically error-prone due to the infidelity of their replicative machinery and the usual lack of proofreading mechanisms. The error rates may be close to those that kill the virus. Consequently, populations of RNA viruses are represented by heterogeneous sets of genomes with various levels of fitness. This is especially consequential when viruses encounter various bottlenecks and new infections are initiated by a single or few deviating genomes. Nevertheless, RNA viruses are able to maintain their identity by conservation of major functional elements. This conservatism stems from genetic robustness or mutational tolerance, which is largely due to the functional degeneracy of many protein and RNA elements as well as to negative selection. Another relevant mechanism is the capacity to restore fitness after genetic damages, also based on replicative infidelity. Conversely, error-prone replication is a major tool that ensures viral evolvability. The potential for changes in debilitated genomes is much higher in small populations, because in the absence of stronger competitors low-fit genomes have a choice of various trajectories to wander along fitness landscapes. Thus, low-fit populations are inherently unstable, and it may be said that to run ahead it is useful to stumble. In this report, focusing on picornaviruses and also considering data from other RNA viruses, we review the biological relevance and mechanisms of various alterations of viral RNA genomes as well as pathways and mechanisms of rehabilitation after loss of fitness. The relationships among mutational robustness, resilience, and evolvability of viral RNA genomes are discussed. © 2018 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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Версии

  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

Метаданные

Об авторах
  • V. Agol
    Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, M. P. Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  • A. Gmyl
    A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Название журнала
  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Том
  • 82
Выпуск
  • 2
Страницы
  • -
Ключевые слова
  • cis acting element; viral protein; virus RNA; virus RNA; 3' untranslated region; 5' untranslated region; amino acid substitution; DNA modification; double-stranded RNA virus; emergency health service; gene deletion; gene disruption; gene insertion; genetic conservation; human; indel mutation; negative-strand RNA virus; nonhuman; nucleic acid structure, metabolism and function; Picornaviridae; point mutation; positive-strand RNA virus; Review; RNA conformation; RNA remodeling; RNA repair; RNA-binding domain; virus genome; virus resistance; animal; biological model; genetic variation; genetics; molecular evolution; mutation; physiology; reproductive fitness; RNA virus; virus replication; Animals; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Fitness; Genome, Viral; Genomic Structural Variation; Humans; Models, Genetic; Mutation; Picornaviridae; RNA Viruses; RNA, Viral; Virus Replication
Издатель
  • American Society for Microbiology
Тип документа
  • Review
Источник
  • scopus