Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago

S. Rasmussen; M. Allentoft; K. Nielsen; L. Orlando; M. Sikora; K. Sjögren; A. Pedersen; M. Schubert; D. Van; C. Kapel; H. Nielsen; S. Brunak; P. Avetisyan; A. Epimakhov; M. Khalyapin; A. Gnuni; A. Kriiska; I. Lasak; M. Metspalu; V. Moiseyev; A. Gromov; D. Pokutta; L. Saag; L. Varul; L. Yepiskoposyan; T. Sicheritz-Pontén; R. Foley; M. Lahr; R. Nielsen; K. Kristiansen; E. Willerslev

Статья

Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago

S. Rasmussen, M. Allentoft, K. Nielsen, L. Orlando, M. Sikora, K. Sjögren, A. Pedersen, M. Schubert, D. Van, C. Kapel, H. Nielsen, S. Brunak, P. Avetisyan, A. Epimakhov, M. Khalyapin, A. Gnuni, A. Kriiska, I. Lasak, M. Metspalu, V. Moiseyev, A. Gromov, D. Pokutta, L. Saag, L. Varul, L. Yepiskoposyan, T. Sicheritz-Pontén, R. Foley, M. Lahr, R. Nielsen, K. Kristiansen, E. Willerslev,

2021

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.009

Summary The bacteria Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague and has caused human pandemics with millions of deaths in historic times. How and when it originated remains contentious. Here, we report the oldest direct evidence of Yersinia pestis identified by ancient DNA in human teeth from Asia and Europe dating from 2,800 to 5,000 years ago. By sequencing the genomes, we find that these ancient plague strains are basal to all known Yersinia pestis. We find the origins of the Yersinia pestis lineage to be at least two times older than previous estimates. We also identify a temporal sequence of genetic changes that lead to increased virulence and the emergence of the bubonic plague. Our results show that plague infection was endemic in the human populations of Eurasia at least 3,000 years before any historical recordings of pandemics. © 2015 The Authors.

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1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

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Об авторах

S. Rasmussen
Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 208, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
M. Allentoft
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Ster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
K. Nielsen
Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
L. Orlando
Section for Organismal Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
M. Sikora
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
K. Sjögren
Division of Armenology and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
A. Pedersen
Institute of History and Archaeology RAS (South Ural Department), South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
M. Schubert
Orenburg Museum of Fine Arts, Orenburg, 460000, Russian Federation
D. Van
Department of Archaeology and Ethnography, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
C. Kapel
Department of Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
H. Nielsen
Institute of Archaeology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50-139, Poland
S. Brunak
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
P. Avetisyan
Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
A. Epimakhov
Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
M. Khalyapin
Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom
A. Gnuni
Center for Theoretical Evolutionary Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, United States
A. Kriiska
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
I. Lasak
M. Metspalu
V. Moiseyev
A. Gromov
D. Pokutta
L. Saag
L. Varul
L. Yepiskoposyan
T. Sicheritz-Pontén
R. Foley
M. Lahr
R. Nielsen
K. Kristiansen
E. Willerslev

Название журнала

Cell

Том

Выпуск

Страницы

571-582

Ключевые слова

bacterial DNA; phospholipase D; plasminogen activator; Article; bacterial chromosome; bacterial genome; bacterial virulence; Bronze Age; controlled study; DNA damage; DNA degradation; DNA extraction; frameshift mutation; gene sequence; heterozygosity; human; monophyly; nonhuman; phylogeny; priority journal; Yersinia pestis; animal; Asia; classification; Europe; flea; genetics; history; isolation and purification; microbiology; plague; tooth; transmission; Yersinia pestis; Animals; Asia; DNA, Bacterial; Europe; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Plague; Siphonaptera; Tooth; Yersinia pestis

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Cell Press

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journal article

Тип лицензии Creative Commons

Правовой статус документа

Свободная лицензия

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scopus

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Статья

Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago

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