Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD

U. Büntgen; V. Myglan; F. Ljungqvist; M. McCormick; C. Di; M. Sigl; J. Jungclaus; S. Wagner; P. Krusic; J. Esper; J. Kaplan; V. De; J. Luterbacher; L. Wacker; W. Tegel; A. Kirdyanov

Статья

Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD

U. Büntgen, V. Myglan, F. Ljungqvist, M. McCormick, C. Di, M. Sigl, J. Jungclaus, S. Wagner, P. Krusic, J. Esper, J. Kaplan, V. De, J. Luterbacher, L. Wacker, W. Tegel, A. Kirdyanov,

2021

https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2652

Climatic changes during the first half of the Common Era have been suggested to play a role in societal reorganizations in Europe and Asia. In particular, the sixth century coincides with rising and falling civilizations, pandemics, human migration and political turmoil. Our understanding of the magnitude and spatial extent as well as the possible causes and concurrences of climate change during this period is, however, still limited. Here we use tree-ring chronologies from the Russian Altai and European Alps to reconstruct summer temperatures over the past two millennia. We find an unprecedented, long-lasting and spatially synchronized cooling following a cluster of large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD (ref.), which was probably sustained by ocean and sea-ice feedbacks, as well as a solar minimum. We thus identify the interval from 536 to about 660 AD as the Late Antique Little Ice Age. Spanning most of the Northern Hemisphere, we suggest that this cold phase be considered as an additional environmental factor contributing to the establishment of the Justinian plague, transformation of the eastern Roman Empire and collapse of the Sasanian Empire, movements out of the Asian steppe and Arabian Peninsula, spread of Slavic-speaking peoples and political upheavals in China. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

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1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

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Об авторах

U. Büntgen
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
V. Myglan
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
F. Ljungqvist
Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Brno, CZ-61300, Czech Republic
M. McCormick
Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, RU-660041, Russian Federation
C. Di
Department of History, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
M. Sigl
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
J. Jungclaus
Initiative for the Science of the Human Past (SoHP), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
S. Wagner
Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
P. Krusic
Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
J. Esper
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, DE-20146, Germany
J. Kaplan
Institute for Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, DE-21502, Germany
V. De
Navarino Environmental Observatory, Messinia, GR-24001, Greece
J. Luterbacher
Department of Geography, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, DE-55099, Germany
L. Wacker
University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
W. Tegel
Department of Linguistics and Information Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
A. Kirdyanov
Department of Geography, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, DE-35390, Germany

Название журнала

Nature Geoscience

Том

Выпуск

Страницы

231-236

Ключевые слова

civilization; climate change; cooling; environmental factor; geochronology; Little Ice Age; migration; Northern Hemisphere; tree ring; volcanic eruption; Alps; Altay [Russian Federation]; Arabian Peninsula; Asia; China; Romania; Russian Federation

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Nature Publishing Group

Тип документа

journal article

Тип лицензии Creative Commons

Правовой статус документа

Свободная лицензия

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scopus

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Статья

Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD

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