Статья

History of ZIKV infections in India and management of disease outbreaks

S. Khaiboullina, T. Uppal, E. Martynova, A. Rizvanov, M. Baranwal, S. Verma,
2021

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus infection endemic in multiple countries spread from Asia, Africa to the Americas and Europe. Previously known to cause rare and fairly benign human infections, ZIKV has become a major international public health emergency after being linked to unexpected neurological complications, that includes fetal brain damage/death and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in adults. It appears that a single genetic mutation in the ZIKV genome, likely acquired during explosive ZIKV outbreak in French Polynesia (2013), made virus causing mild disease to target fetus brain. The Aedes mosquitoes are found to be the main carrier of ZIKV, passing the virus to humans. Originally isolated from patients in Africa in 1954 (African lineage), virus disseminated to Southeast Asia (Asian lineage), establishing new endemic foci, including one in India. Numerous cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in several locations in India and neighboring countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh since mid of the last century, suggesting that the virus reached this part of Asia soon after it was first discovered in Uganda in 1947. Although, the exact means by which ZIKV was introduced to India remains unknown, it appears that the ZIKV strain circulating in India possibly belongs to the "Asian lineage, " which has not yet been associated with microcephaly and other neurological disorders. However, there still exists a threat that the contemporary ZIKV virulent strain from South America, carrying a mutation can return to Asia, posing a potential crisis to newborns and adult patients. Currently there is no specific vaccine or antiviral medication to combat ZIKV infection, thus, vector control and continuous monitoring of potential ZIKV exposure is essential to prevent the devastating consequences similar to the ones experienced in Brazil. However, the major obstacle faced by Indian healthcare agencies is that most cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in rural areas that lack access to rapid diagnosis of infection. In this review, we attempt to present a comprehensive analysis of what is currently known about the ZIKV infection in India and the neighboring countries. © 2007-2018 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved.

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  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

Метаданные

Об авторах
  • S. Khaiboullina
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
  • T. Uppal
    Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
  • E. Martynova
    Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
  • A. Rizvanov
  • M. Baranwal
  • S. Verma
Название журнала
  • Frontiers in Microbiology
Том
  • 9
Выпуск
  • SEP
Страницы
  • -
Ключевые слова
  • diagnostic procedure; epidemic; genotype; human; India; medical history; microcephaly; nonhuman; Review; virus transmission; Zika fever
Издатель
  • Frontiers Media S.A.
Тип документа
  • Review
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
  • CC
Правовой статус документа
  • Свободная лицензия
Источник
  • scopus