The article is about the problem of anaphylaxis in the post-vaccination period. Data on the frequency of its prevalence and lethality depending on the type of vaccine are presented. Variants of a clinical picture of anaphylaxis and differential-diagnostic approaches are indicated. The major causal components of vaccines, anaphylaxis inducers, and methods for their identification are mentioned. Therapeutic approaches are analyzed, false myths and contraindications to vaccination are indicated. The experience of carrying out preventive individual measures is generalized. © 2018 National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation. All rights reserved.