Статья

Gene editing by extracellular vesicles

D. Kostyushev, A. Kostyusheva, S. Brezgin, V. Smirnov, E. Volchkova, A. Lukashev, V. Chulanov,
2021

CRISPR/Cas technologies have advanced dramatically in recent years. Many different systems with new properties have been characterized and a plethora of hybrid CRISPR/Cas systems able to modify the epigenome, regulate transcription, and correct mutations in DNA and RNA have been devised. However, practical application of CRISPR/Cas systems is severely limited by the lack of effective delivery tools. In this review, recent advances in developing vehicles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes are outlined. Most importantly, we emphasize the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for CRISPR/Cas delivery and describe their unique properties: biocompatibility, safety, capacity for rational design, and ability to cross biological barriers. Available molecular tools that enable loading of desired protein and/or RNA cargo into the vesicles in a controllable manner and shape the surface of EVs for targeted delivery into specific tissues (e.g., using targeting ligands, peptides, or nanobodies) are discussed. Opportunities for both endogenous (intracellular production of CRISPR/Cas) and exogenous (post-production) loading of EVs are presented. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-04-27

Метаданные

Об авторах
  • D. Kostyushev
    National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation
  • A. Kostyusheva
    Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russian Federation
  • S. Brezgin
    Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russian Federation
  • V. Smirnov
  • E. Volchkova
  • A. Lukashev
  • V. Chulanov
Название журнала
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Том
  • 21
Выпуск
  • 19
Страницы
  • 1-34
Ключевые слова
  • arrestin domain containing protein 1; cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein; cre recombinase; CRISPR associated endonuclease Cas9; CRISPR associated protein; Gag protein; glycoprotein; liposome; membrane protein; nanoblade; nanoparticle; ribonucleoprotein; RNA; ubiquitin protein ligase NEDD4; unclassified drug; RNA; biocompatibility; cell engineering; cellular distribution; chemical modification; click chemistry; CRISPR Cas system; cross reaction; DNA sequence; drug delivery system; exosome; extracellular matrix; gene editing; gene overexpression; genetic engineering; human; liposomal delivery; phospholipid bilayer; protein processing; protein protein interaction; Review; safety procedure; surface area; CRISPR Cas system; exosome; gene editing; gene transfer; genetics; mutation; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Extracellular Vesicles; Gene Editing; Gene Transfer Techniques; Humans; Mutation; RNA
Издатель
  • MDPI AG
Тип документа
  • Review
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
  • CC
Правовой статус документа
  • Свободная лицензия
Источник
  • scopus