COVID-19 является зоонозным заболеванием, для которого обнаружен более высокий уровень передачи у человека. Среди всех РНК-содержащих вирусов коронавирусы имеют наибольший размер генома (28–33 п.о.), представленный положительно-полярной нитью РНК. В частности, их геном содержит 5′-конец, транслируемые мРНК, соответствующие ключевым белкам; репликазу, белок spike (шип), белки оболочки, нуклеокапсид и 3′-конец (поли-A хвост). Этот высококонтагиозный вирус может влиять на иммунную систему на ранней стадии инфекции, из-за чего симптомы заболевания проявляются очень быстро. Важно, что до сих пор отсутствует эффективная стратегия по ограничению этого заболевания. Исходя из этого, ученые всего мира в гонке со временем заняты поиском вакцин или методов лечения COVID-19, что требует более глубокого понимания течения заболевания.
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