Статья

Stress and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic among martial arts athletes – A cross-cultural study

R. Makarowski, A. Piotrowski, R. Predoiu, K. Görner, A. Predoiu, G. Mitrache, R. Malinauskas, K. Bochaver, L. Dovzhik, E. Cherepov, Z. Vazne, N. Vicente-Salar, I. Hamzah, M. Miklósi, K. Kovács, Z. Nikkhah-Farkhani,
2021

Background and Study Aims: Materials and Methods: Success in sports among athletes on a similar level of skill can depend on individual differences in experienced stress and coping strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas of life, including sports. The aim of the current study was to verify two hypotheses: (H1) emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsy-chic stress among martial arts athletes will be significantly higher during the height of the pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period; (H2) martial arts athletes will less frequently use problem-focused strategies of coping with stress, such as active coping and planning, during the height of the pandemic. The study used the Perception of Stress Questionnaire measuring the following dimensions of stress: emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress. Coping strategies were measured with the Brief COPE questionnaire distinguishing 14 coping strategies. Seven hundred and eighty-one athletes (including 116 martial arts athletes) from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia took part in the study in the pre-pandemic period. During the height of the pandemic, athletes from Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and Spain took part in the study (n = 1,032, including 396 martial arts athletes). Results: Conclusions: Higher levels of emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress were observed among Polish and Romanian martial arts athletes in the pre-pandemic period. Stress levels were higher before the pandemic than during its peak, when the lowest levels of emotional tension and external stress were reported by martial arts athletes in Romania, and the highest – in Lithuania and Spain. On the other hand, the lowest levels of intrapsychic stress were reported by martial arts athletes in Poland, and the highest – in Lithuania. Key gen-der-dependent strategies of coping with stress were identified. Male and female martial arts athletes used denial, focus on and venting of emotions, substance use, and acceptance. Additionally, men used self-blame and women used behavioural disengagement. The effects of the pandemic do not involve an increase in subjectively perceived psychological stress among martial arts athletes from countries variously affected by the pandemic. The use of maladaptive coping strategies – denial, substance use, venting negative emotion etc. – allows for lowering the subjectively experienced stress (the emotional tension, external stress and intrapsychic stress) of martial arts athletes. It was the use of these strategies which facilitated lower stress levels. The second hypothesis, that martial arts athletes will less frequently use problem-focused strategies of coping with stress, such as active coping and planning, during the height of the pandemic, was confirmed. © 2020, the Authors. Published by Archives of Budo.

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  • 1. Version of Record от 2021-08-23

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Об авторах
  • R. Makarowski
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Elblag University of Humanities and Economics, Elblag, Poland
  • A. Piotrowski
    Department of Personality Psychology and Forensic Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
  • R. Predoiu
    Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
  • K. Görner
    Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
  • A. Predoiu
    Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
  • G. Mitrache
    Sport Psychology Lab, Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, Moscow, Russian Federation
  • R. Malinauskas
    Department of Physical Education and Health, South-Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
  • K. Bochaver
    Department of Sport and Training Theory, Education Psychology and Education Internship, Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga, Latvia
  • L. Dovzhik
    Biochemistry and Cell Therapy Unit, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
  • E. Cherepov
    Department of Community Guidance, Correctional Polytechnic, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Z. Vazne
    Institute of Educational Studies, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
  • N. Vicente-Salar
    Institute of Educational Studies, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
  • I. Hamzah
    Business Management Department, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
  • M. Miklósi
    Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), University Miguel Hernandez, Elche, Spain
  • K. Kovács
  • Z. Nikkhah-Farkhani
Предметная рубрика
  • COVID-19
Название журнала
  • Archives of Budo
Том
  • 16
Страницы
  • 161-171
Издатель
  • Medical Science International
Тип документа
  • Article
Тип лицензии Creative Commons
  • CC-BY-NC
Правовой статус документа
  • Свободная лицензия
Источник
  • scopus