The aim of the study is to assess the scale of parasitic and microbial soil contamination in residential areas of the city of Kaluga (Russia), including playgrounds and kindergarten areas. The research method involved identifying Toxocara eggs and microorganisms in sandpits, lawns, and boulevards. Investigated 210 samples of soil and sand in different areas of the city. It was found that the soil pollution of boulevards with Toxocara eggs is 4.9 times higher than that of sandpits and 1.9 times higher than that of lawns. Molds of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Candida, Alternaria, and Rhizopus were sown most often from the soils of lawns and boulevards. The bacterial microbiota is represented by Clostridium, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella and Micrococcus. The average number of microorganisms isolated from soil and sand samples varied in the range from 1.5 to 3.0 million CFU in 1 g. To quantitatively estimate the population of domestic animals, a sociological survey was conducted annually for 20 years. A total of 4,700 people over the age of 16 were interviewed.