Conditioned Medium of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Wound Closure and Protects Human Astrocytes Following Scratch Assay In Vitro

Molecular Neurobiology volume 55, pages 5377–5392 (2018)Cite this article

Abstract

Astrocytes perform essential functions in the preservation of neural tissue. For this reason, these cells can respond with changes in gene expression, hypertrophy, and proliferation upon a traumatic brain injury event (TBI). Different therapeutic strategies may be focused on preserving astrocyte functions and favor a non-generalized and non-sustained protective response over time post-injury. A recent strategy has been the use of the conditioned medium of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hMSCA) as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various neuropathologies. However, although there is a lot of information about its effect on neuronal protection, studies on astrocytes are scarce and its specific action in glial cells is not well explored. In the present study, the effects of CM-hMSCA on human astrocytes subjected to scratch assay were assessed. Our findings indicated that CM-hMSCA improved cell viability, reduced nuclear fragmentation, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects were accompanied by morphological changes and an increased polarity index thus reflecting the ability of astrocytes to migrate to the wound stimulated by CM-hMSCA. In conclusion, CM-hMSCA may be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for the protection of astrocyte function in brain pathologies.

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Abbreviations

BSS0:

balanced salt solution

bFGF:

basic fibroblast growth factor

CNS:

central nervous system

CMhMSCA:

conditioned medium of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

EGF:

epidermal growth factor

FBS:

fetal bovine serum

GFAP:

glial fibrillary acid protein

GPX1:

glutathione peroxidase

HB-EGF:

heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor

HSPG:

heparan sulfate proteoglycans

hMSCA:

human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue

MSCs:

mesenchymal stem cells

MTT:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

Ngb:

neuroglobin

PBS:

phosphate-buffered saline

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SOD2:

superoxide dismutase 2

TMRM:

tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester

TGFbeta 1:

transforming growth factor beta 1

TBI:

traumatic brain injury

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Camilo Prieto and the staff of the cosmetic surgery in Bogota, Colombia, for the adipose tissue samples. This work was supported by PUJ ID 6260 to GEB and scholarship for doctoral studies awarded by the Vicerrectoría Académica of PUJ to Baez-Jurado E.

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Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

    Eliana Baez-Jurado, Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa, Gina Guio-Vega & George E. Barreto

  2. King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Md Ashraf

  3. Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA

    Valentina Echeverria

  4. Fac. Cs de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile

    Valentina Echeverria

  5. Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia

    Gjumrakch Aliev

  6. GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA

    Gjumrakch Aliev

  7. School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA

    Gjumrakch Aliev

  8. Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    George E. Barreto

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  1. Eliana Baez-Jurado
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  2. Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
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  3. Gina Guio-Vega
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  7. George E. Barreto
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Correspondence to George E. Barreto.

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Baez-Jurado, E., Hidalgo-Lanussa, O., Guio-Vega, G. et al. Conditioned Medium of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increases Wound Closure and Protects Human Astrocytes Following Scratch Assay In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 55, 5377–5392 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0771-4

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Keywords

  • Human astrocytes
  • Brain injury
  • Conditioned medium
  • Mesenchymal stem cells
  • Migration
  • Scratch